Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Benoit TJ[original query] |
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Association between social vulnerability and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in specimens collected from commercial laboratories, United States, September 2021-February 2022
Benoit TJ , Kim Y , Deng Y , Li Z , Harding L , Wiegand R , Deng X , Jones JM , Ronaldo I , Clarke KEN . Public Health Rep 2024 333549231223140 OBJECTIVE: We conducted a national US study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) that included pediatric data and compared the Delta and Omicron periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study was to assess the association between SVI and seroprevalence of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by period (Delta vs Omicron) and age group. METHODS: We used results of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays of clinical sera specimens (N = 406 469) from 50 US states from September 2021 through February 2022 to estimate seroprevalence overall and by county SVI tercile. Bivariate analyses and multilevel logistic regression models assessed the association of seropositivity with SVI and its themes by age group (0-17, ≥18 y) and period (Delta: September-November 2021; Omicron: December 2021-February 2022). RESULTS: Aggregate infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence increased at all 3 SVI levels; it ranged from 25.8% to 33.5% in September 2021 and from 53.1% to 63.5% in February 2022. Of the 4 SVI themes, socioeconomic status had the strongest association with seroprevalence. During the Delta period, we found significantly more infections per reported case among people living in a county with high SVI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76; 95% CI, 2.31-3.21) than in a county with low SVI (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-1.97); we found no significant difference during the Omicron period. Otherwise, findings were consistent across subanalyses by age group and period. CONCLUSIONS: Among both children and adults, and during both the Delta and Omicron periods, counties with high SVI had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence than counties with low SVI did. These disparities reinforce SVI's value in identifying communities that need tailored prevention efforts during public health emergencies and resources to recover from their effects. |
Who gets sick from COVID-19 Sociodemographic correlates of severe adult health outcomes during Alpha- and Delta-variant predominant periods, 9/2020-11/2021
Wei SC , Freeman D , Himschoot A , Clarke KEN , Van Dyke ME , Adjemian J , Ahmad FB , Benoit TJ , Berney K , Gundlapalli AV , Hall AJ , Havers F , Henley SJ , Hilton C , Johns D , Opsomer JD , Pham HT , Stuckey MJ , Taylor CA , Jones JM . J Infect Dis 2023 BACKGROUND: Because COVID-19 case data do not capture most SARS-CoV-2 infections, the actual risk of severe disease and death per infection is unknown. Integrating sociodemographic data into analysis can show consequential health disparities. METHODS: Data from September 2020--November 2021 from six national surveillance systems in matched geographical areas were merged and analyzed to estimate numbers of COVID-19-associated cases, emergency department visits, and deaths per 100,000 infections. Relative risks of outcomes per infection were compared by sociodemographic factors in a dataset including 1,490 counties from 50 states and the District of Columbia, covering 71% of the US population. RESULTS: Per infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality were higher among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native persons, non-Hispanic Black persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons compared with non-Hispanic White persons, males compared with females, older persons compared with younger, persons in more socially vulnerable counties compared with less, persons in large central metro areas compared with rural areas, and persons in the South compared with the Northeast. DISCUSSION: Meaningful disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality per infection were associated with sociodemography and geography. Addressing these disparities could have helped prevent the loss of tens of thousands of lives. |
COVID-19 SeroHub, an online repository of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in the United States.
Freedman ND , Brown L , Newman LM , Jones JM , Benoit TJ , Averhoff F , Bu X , Bayrak K , Lu A , Coffey B , Jackson L , Chanock SJ , Kerlavage AR . Sci Data 2022 9 (1) 727 Seroprevalence studies provide useful information about the proportion of the population either vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, previously infected with the virus, or both. Numerous studies have been conducted in the United States, but differ substantially by dates of enrollment, target population, geographic location, age distribution, and assays used. This can make it challenging to identify and synthesize available seroprevalence data by geographic region or to compare infection-induced versus combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence. To facilitate public access and understanding, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the COVID-19 Seroprevalence Studies Hub (COVID-19 SeroHub, https://covid19serohub.nih.gov/ ), a data repository in which seroprevalence studies are systematically identified, extracted using a standard format, and summarized through an interactive interface. Within COVID-19 SeroHub, users can explore and download data from 178 studies as of September 1, 2022. Tools allow users to filter results and visualize trends over time, geography, population, age, and antigen target. Because COVID-19 remains an ongoing pandemic, we will continue to identify and include future studies. |
Occupations Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination, U.S. Blood Donors, July 2021-December 2021.
Shah MM , Spencer BR , Feldstein LR , Haynes JM , Benoit TJ , Saydah SH , Groenewold MR , Stramer SL , Jones JM . Clin Infect Dis 2022 76 (7) 1285-1294 BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the U.S. by occupation. We identified occupations at higher risk for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as defined by the presence of infection-induced antibodies among U.S. blood donors. METHODS: Using a nested case-control study design, blood donors during May-December 2021 with anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) testing were sent an electronic survey on employment status, vaccination, and occupation. The association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and occupation-specific in-person work was estimated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, month of donation, race/ethnicity, education, vaccination, and telework. RESULTS: Among 85,986 included survey respondents, 9,504 (11.1%) were anti-N reactive. Healthcare support (20.3%), protective service (19.9%), and food preparation and serving related occupations (19.7%) had the highest proportion of prior infection. After adjustment, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with healthcare practitioners (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.10, 95% CI 1.74-2.54) and healthcare support (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.39-2.40) occupations compared with computer and mathematical occupations as the referent group. Lack of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 16.13, 95% CI 15.01-17.34) and never teleworking (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30) were also independently associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Protective service occupations had the highest proportion of unvaccinated workers (30.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Workers in healthcare, protective services, and food preparation had the highest prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Occupational risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection remained after adjusting for vaccination, telework, and demographic factors. These findings underscore the need for mitigation measures and personal protection in healthcare settings and other workplaces. |
Association of Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and State-Issued Nonpharmaceutical Interventions- United States, August 1, 2020 - March 30, 2021.
Miller MJ , Himschoot A , Fitch N , Jawalkar S , Freeman D , Hilton C , Berney K , Guy GP , Benoit TJ , Clarke KEN , Busch MP , Opsomer JD , Stramer SL , Hall AJ , Gundlapalli AV , MacNeil A , McCord R , Sunshine G , Howard-Williams M , Dunphy C , Jones JM . Clin Infect Dis 2022 75 S264-S270 OBJECTIVES: To assess if state-issued nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are associated with reduced rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured through anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) seroprevalence, a proxy for cumulative prior infection that distinguishes seropositivity from vaccination). METHODS: Monthly anti-N seroprevalence during August 1, 2020 - March 30, 2021 was estimated using a nationwide blood donor serosurvey. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we measured the association of seropositivity and state-issued, county-specific NPIs for mask mandates, gathering bans, and bar closures. RESULTS: Compared with individuals living in a county with all three NPIs in place, the odds of having anti-N antibodies were 2.2 (95% CI: 2.0-2.3) times higher for people living in a county that did not have any of the three NPIs, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5-1.7) times higher for people living in a county that only had a mask mandate and gathering ban policy, and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5) times higher for people living in a county that had only a mask mandate. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with studies assessing NPIs relative to COVID-19 incidence and mortality, the presence of NPIs were associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence indicating lower rates of cumulative infections. Multiple NPIs are likely more effective than single NPIs. |
Estimated US Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-May 2021.
Jones JM , Stone M , Sulaeman H , Fink RV , Dave H , Levy ME , Di Germanio C , Green V , Notari E , Saa P , Biggerstaff BJ , Strauss D , Kessler D , Vassallo R , Reik R , Rossmann S , Destree M , Nguyen KA , Sayers M , Lough C , Bougie DW , Ritter M , Latoni G , Weales B , Sime S , Gorlin J , Brown NE , Gould CV , Berney K , Benoit TJ , Miller MJ , Freeman D , Kartik D , Fry AM , Azziz-Baumgartner E , Hall AJ , MacNeil A , Gundlapalli AV , Basavaraju SV , Gerber SI , Patton ME , Custer B , Williamson P , Simmons G , Thornburg NJ , Kleinman S , Stramer SL , Opsomer J , Busch MP . JAMA 2021 326 (14) 1400-1409 IMPORTANCE: People who have been infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 have reduced risk of subsequent infection, but the proportion of people in the US with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from infection or vaccination is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To estimate trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence related to infection and vaccination in the US population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In a repeated cross-sectional study conducted each month during July 2020 through May 2021, 17 blood collection organizations with blood donations from all 50 US states; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico were organized into 66 study-specific regions, representing a catchment of 74% of the US population. For each study region, specimens from a median of approximately 2000 blood donors were selected and tested each month; a total of 1 594 363 specimens were initially selected and tested. The final date of blood donation collection was May 31, 2021. EXPOSURE: Calendar time. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Proportion of persons with detectable SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Seroprevalence was weighted for demographic differences between the blood donor sample and general population. Infection-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. Combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence was defined as the prevalence of the population with spike antibodies. The seroprevalence estimates were compared with cumulative COVID-19 case report incidence rates. RESULTS: Among 1 443 519 specimens included, 733 052 (50.8%) were from women, 174 842 (12.1%) were from persons aged 16 to 29 years, 292 258 (20.2%) were from persons aged 65 years and older, 36 654 (2.5%) were from non-Hispanic Black persons, and 88 773 (6.1%) were from Hispanic persons. The overall infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimate increased from 3.5% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.8%) in July 2020 to 20.2% (95% CI, 19.9%-20.6%) in May 2021; the combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence estimate in May 2021 was 83.3% (95% CI, 82.9%-83.7%). By May 2021, 2.1 SARS-CoV-2 infections (95% CI, 2.0-2.1) per reported COVID-19 case were estimated to have occurred. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Based on a sample of blood donations in the US from July 2020 through May 2021, vaccine- and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased over time and varied by age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region. Despite weighting to adjust for demographic differences, these findings from a national sample of blood donors may not be representative of the entire US population. |
A review of melioidosis cases in the Americas
Benoit TJ , Blaney DD , Doker TJ , Gee JE , Elrod MG , Rolim DB , Inglis TJ , Hoffmaster AR , Bower WA , Walke HT . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015 93 (6) 1134-9 Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus. Cases occur sporadically in the Americas with an increasing number of cases observed among people with no travel history to endemic countries. To better understand the incidence of the disease in the Americas, we reviewed the literature, including unpublished cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of 120 identified human cases, occurring between 1947 and June 2015, 95 cases (79%) were likely acquired in the Americas; the mortality rate was 39%. Burkholderia pseudomallei appears to be widespread in South, Central, and North America. |
Melioidosis cases and selected reports of occupational exposures to Burkholderia pseudomallei - United States, 2008-2013
Benoit TJ , Blaney DD , Gee JE , Elrod MG , Hoffmaster AR , Doker TJ , Bower WA , Walke HT . MMWR Surveill Summ 2015 64 1-9 PROBLEM/CONDITION: Melioidosis is an infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is naturally found in water and soil in areas endemic for melioidosis. Infection can be severe and sometimes fatal. The federal select agent program designates B. pseudomallei as a Tier 1 overlap select agent, which can affect both humans and animals. Identification of B. pseudomallei and all occupational exposures must be reported to the Federal Select Agent Program immediately (i.e., within 24 hours), whereas states are not required to notify CDC's Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB) of human infections. PERIOD COVERED: 2008-2013. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The passive surveillance system includes reports of suspected (human and animal) melioidosis cases and reports of incidents of possible occupational exposures. Reporting of suspected cases to BSPB is voluntary. BSPB receives reports of occupational exposure in the context of a request for technical consultation (so that the system does not include the full complement of the mandatory and confidential reporting to the Federal Select Agent Program). Reporting sources include state health departments, medical facilities, microbiologic laboratories, or research facilities. Melioidosis cases are classified using the standard case definition adopted by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists in 2011. In follow up to reports of occupational exposures, CDC often provides technical assistance to state health departments to identify all persons with possible exposures, define level of risk, and provide recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis and health monitoring of exposed persons. RESULTS: During 2008-2013, BSPB provided technical assistance to 20 U.S. states and Puerto Rico involving 37 confirmed cases of melioidosis (34 human cases and three animal cases). Among those with documented travel history, the majority of reported cases (64%) occurred among persons with a documented travel history to areas endemic for melioidosis. Two persons did not report any travel outside of the United States. Separately, six incidents of possible occupational exposure involving research activities also were reported to BSPB, for which two incidents involved occupational exposures and no human infections occurred. Technical assistance was not required for these incidents because of risk-level (low or none) and appropriate onsite occupational safety response. Of the 261 persons at risk for occupational exposure to B. pseudomallei while performing laboratory diagnostics, 43 (16%) persons had high-risk exposures, 130 (50%) persons had low-risk exposures, and 88 (34%) persons were classified as having undetermined or unknown risk. INTERPRETATION: A small number of U.S. cases of melioidosis have been reported among persons with no travel history outside of the United States, whereas the majority of cases have occurred in persons with a travel history to areas endemic for melioidosis. If the number of travelers continues to increase in countries where the disease is endemic, the likelihood of identifying imported melioidosis cases in the United States might also increase. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Reporting of melioidosis cases can improve the ability to monitor the incidence and prevalence of the disease in the United States. To improve prevention and control of melioidosis, CDC recommends that 1) physicians consider melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute febrile illnesses, risk factors for melioidosis, and compatible travel or exposure history; 2) personnel at risk for occupational exposure (e.g. laboratory workers or researchers) follow proper safety practices, which includes using appropriate personal protective equipment when working with unknown pathogens; and 3) all possible occupational exposures to B. pseudomallei be reported voluntarily to BSPB. |
Contact investigation of melioidosis cases reveals regional endemicity in Puerto Rico
Doker TJ , Sharp TM , Rivera-Garcia B , Perez-Padilla J , Benoit TJ , Ellis EM , Elrod MG , Gee JE , Shieh WJ , Beesley CA , Ryff KR , Traxler RM , Galloway RL , Haberling DL , Waller LA , Shadomy SV , Bower WA , Hoffmaster AR , Walke HT , Blaney DD . Clin Infect Dis 2014 60 (2) 243-50 BACKGROUND: Melioidosis results from infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, and is associated with case-fatality rates up to 40%. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antimicrobials can improve survival rates. Fatal and non-fatal melioidosis cases were identified in Puerto Rico in 2010 and 2012, respectively, which prompted contact investigations to identify risk factors for infection and evaluate endemicity. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered and serum specimens were collected from co-workers, neighborhood contacts within 250 meters of both patients' residences, and injection drug use (IDU) contacts of the 2012 patient. Serum specimens were tested for evidence of prior exposure to B. pseudomallei by indirect hemagglutination assay. Neighborhood seropositivity results guided soil sampling to isolate B. pseudomallei. RESULTS: Serum specimens were collected from contacts of the 2010 (n=51) and 2012 (n=60) patients, respectively. No co-workers had detectable anti-B. pseudomallei antibody, whereas seropositive results among neighborhood contacts was 5% (n=2) for the 2010 patient and 23%(n=12) for the 2012 patient, as well as 2 of 3 IDU contacts for the 2012 case. Factors significantly associated with seropositivity were having skin wounds, sores, or ulcers (OR=4.6; 95% CI: 1.2-17.8) and IDU (OR=18.0; 95% CI: 1.6-194.0). B. pseudomallei was isolated from soil collected in the neighborhood of the 2012 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, isolation of B. pseudomallei from a soil sample and high seropositivity among patient contacts suggest at least regional endemicity of melioidosis in Puerto Rico. Increased awareness of melioidosis is needed to enable early case identification and early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. |
Fatal Burkholderia pseudomallei infection initially reported as a Bacillus species, Ohio, 2013
Doker TJ , Quinn CL , Salehi ED , Sherwood JJ , Benoit TJ , Elrod MG , Gee JE , Shadomy SV , Bower WA , Hoffmaster AR , Walke HT , Blaney DD , DiOrio MS . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 91 (4) 743-6 A fatal case of melioidosis was diagnosed in Ohio one month after culture results were initially reported as a Bacillus species. To identify a source of infection and assess risk in patient contacts, we abstracted patient charts; interviewed physicians and contacts; genetically characterized the isolate; performed a Burkholderia pseudomallei antibody indirect hemagglutination assay on household contacts and pets to assess seropositivity; and collected household plant, soil, liquid, and insect samples for culturing and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing. Family members and pets tested were seronegative for B. pseudomallei. Environmental samples were negative by real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture. Although the patient never traveled internationally, the isolate genotype was consistent with an isolated that originated in Southeast Asia. This investigation identified the fifth reported locally acquired non-laboratory melioidosis case in the contiguous United States. Physicians and laboratories should be aware of this potentially emerging disease and refer positive cultures to a Laboratory Response Network laboratory. |
Brucella abortus exposure during an orthopedic surgical procedure in New Mexico, 2010
Nichols M , Thompson D , Carothers JT , Klauber J , Stoddard RA , Guerra MA , Benoit TJ , Traxler RM . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 35 (8) 1072-3 We describe a periprosthetic Brucella abortus infection in a case-patient undergoing hip replacement revision surgery, and the subsequent investigation of laboratory and surgical staff exposures. Although exposures are rare, it is important to have infection prevention recommendations for surgical procedures among patients with suspected or unidentified Brucella spp. infection. |
Review of brucellosis cases from laboratory exposures in the United States, 2008-2011, and improved strategies for disease prevention
Traxler RM , Guerra MA , Morrow MG , Haupt T , Morrison J , Saah JR , Smith C , Williams C , Fleischauer AT , Lee PA , Stanek D , Trevino-Garrison I , Franklin P , Oakes P , Hand S , Shadomy SV , Blaney DD , Lehman MW , Benoit TJ , Stoddard RA , Tiller RV , De BK , Bower W , Smith TL . J Clin Microbiol 2013 51 (9) 3132-6 Five laboratory-acquired brucellosis (LAB) cases that occurred in the United States between 2008 and 2011 are presented. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed the recommendations published in 2008 and the published literature to identify strategies to further prevent LAB. The improved prevention strategies are described. |
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